Robert Recorde's Arithmetic: or, The Ground of Arts was one of the first printed English textbooks on arithmetic and the most popular of its time. It was preceded only by two anonymous texts in 1537 and 1539; The Ground of Arts appeared in London around 1542, and it was reprinted in 27 more editions until 1700. Editors and contributors of new sections included John Dee, John Mellis, Robert Hartwell, Thomas Willsford, and finally Edward Hatton.